Subjective Hunger, Gastric Upset, and Sleepiness in Response to Altered Meal Timing during Simulated Shiftwork.
| Author | |
|---|---|
| Abstract |    :  
                  Shiftworkers report eating during the night when the body is primed to sleep. This study investigated the impact of altering food timing on subjective responses. Healthy participants ( = 44, 26 male, age Mean ± SD = 25.0 ± 2.9 years, BMI = 23.82 ± 2.59kg/m) participated in a 7-day simulated shiftwork protocol. Participants were randomly allocated to one of three eating conditions. At 00:30, participants consumed a meal comprising 30% of 24 h energy intake (Meal condition; = 14, 8 males), a snack comprising 10% of 24 h energy intake (Snack condition; = 14; 8 males) or did not eat during the night (No Eating condition; = 16, 10 males). Total 24 h individual energy intake and macronutrient content was constant across conditions. During the night, participants reported hunger, gut reaction, and sleepiness levels at 21:00, 23:30, 2:30, and 5:00. Mixed model analyses revealed that the snack condition reported significantly more hunger than the meal group ( < 0.001) with the no eating at night group reporting the greatest hunger ( < 0.001). There was no difference in desire to eat between meal and snack groups. Participants reported less sleepiness after the snack compared to after the meal ( < 0.001) or when not eating during the night ( 0.001). Gastric upset did not differ between conditions. A snack during the nightshift could alleviate hunger during the nightshift without causing fullness or increased sleepiness.  | 
        
| Year of Publication |    :  
                  2019 
             | 
        
| Journal |    :  
                  Nutrients 
             | 
        
| Volume |    :  
                  11 
             | 
        
| Issue |    :  
                  6 
             | 
        
| Date Published |    :  
                  2019 
             | 
        
| URL |    :  
                  http://www.mdpi.com/resolver?pii=nu11061352 
             | 
        
| DOI |    :  
                  10.3390/nu11061352 
             | 
        
| Short Title |    :  
                  Nutrients 
             | 
        
| Download citation |