Development of stereotactic radiosurgery using carbon beams (carbon-knife).
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| Abstract |    :  
                  The aim of this research is to develop a stereotactic-radiosurgery (SRS) technique using carbon beams to treat small intracranial lesions; we call this device the carbon knife. A 2D-scanning method is adapted to broaden a pencil beam to an appropriate size for an irradiation field. A Mitsubishi slow extraction using third order resonance through rf acceleration system stabilized by a feed-forward scanning beam using steering magnets with a 290-MeV/u initial beam energy was used for this purpose. Ridge filters for spread-out Bragg peaks (SOBPs) with widths of 5 mm, 7.5 mm, and 10 mm were designed to include fluence-attenuation effects. The collimator, which defines field shape, was used to reduce the lateral penumbra. The lateral-penumbra width at the SOBP region was less than 2 mm for the carbon knife. The penumbras behaved almost the same when changing the air gap, but on the other hand, increasing the range-shifter thickness mostly broadened the lateral penumbra. The physical-dose rates were approximate 6 Gy per second and 4.5 Gy per second for the 10 × 10 mm2 and 5 × 5 mm2 collimators, respectively.  | 
        
| Year of Publication |    :  
                  2018 
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| Journal |    :  
                  Physics in medicine and biology 
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| Date Published |    :  
                  2018 
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| ISSN Number |    :  
                  0031-9155 
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| URL |    :  
                  https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aaaa4d 
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| DOI |    :  
                  10.1088/1361-6560/aaaa4d 
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| Short Title |    :  
                  Phys Med Biol 
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